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A more effective, simple, cheap nasal spray vaccine on its way |

The nasal vaccine being developed is less invasive and quickly
absorbed by the nasal mucosa. There is no fear of diseases
transmission through needles and anaphylactic response
associated with injections. In the case of corona, that makes nasal mucosa its primary breeding ground, "local immunity matters." According to the researchers, nasal vaccination can also prevent transmission. |
NEW DELHI, Oct 12: So far there is no medicine to treat coronavirus nor any
vaccine ready for mass immunisation even as globally the virus has claimed over
a million lives in the past few months since it started in Wuhan in China in
December last. Currently there are around 200 intramuscular vaccines in various
stages of development, a few of them in the final clinical trials.
Oral and intramuscular administration are the common methods of vaccination
till date. However, the global healthcare crisis created by the devastating
new pathogen has prompted research on intranasal vaccination as an alternative
mode which is being considered as more convenient and effective route especially
because it can be self-administered.
The new coronavirus inoculation is similar to the nasal spray for flu immunisation.
It is being developed in the US, UK and Hong Kong. A dual flu-covid nasal spray
vaccine is also to start human trials next month in Hong Kong, according to
reports.
The nasal vaccine candidates currently being tried are using SARS-CoV-2 spike
protein. It had produced better results in animal studies. It will be less invasive
and is quickly absorbed by the nasal mucosa. Production and administration (by
self) is also cheap and affordable.
Respiratory viruses enter through the nose and the nasal mucosa is the primary
area for the generation of abundant copies of its genome by entering the human
cell in instant time. From the nasal mucosa it moves along the airway during
inhalation into the airways and the lungs, the ultimate target of the virus.
The nasal mucosa is the first barrier the respiratory diseases-causing microbes
encounter. The immune-competent mucosa lines over the sinus, airways and the
lungs. As nasal mucosa is the primary breeding ground for the corona, it makes
sense in strengthening the mucosal immunity through mucosal antibody secretion
by nasal vaccination unlike intramuscular vaccination which creates systemic
response. Nasal inoculation can also prevent transmission.
Additionally, nasal vaccination does not cause fear of diseases transmission
through needles and anaphylactic response associated with injections. In self-administration,
the vaccine cost also will come down drastically.
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